Infliximab Reverses Suppression of Cholesterol Efflux Proteins by TNF-α: A Possible Mechanism for Modulation of Atherogenesis

Successful Treatment of Refractory Behçet's Disease with the TNF-α Blocker Infliximab

Berberine-induced inhibition of adipocyte enhancer-binding protein 1 attenuates oxidized low-density lipoprotein accumulation and foam cell formation in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced macrophages.

The phagocytosis of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) by monocyte-derived macrophages and the subsequent differentiation of macrophages into foam cells are the key steps in atherogenesis. Scavenger receptors, such as CD36 and lectin-like low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1), are responsible for the uptake of oxLDL. Adipocyte enhancer-binding protein 1 (AEBP1) regulates many key gen...

Role of tumor necrosis factor-α in the regulation of keratinocyte cell cycle and DNA repair after ultraviolet-B radiation.

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced in the skin in response to ultraviolet B radiation (UVB). TNF-α facilitates UVB-induced apoptosis and probably contributes to removal of damaged cells. Surprisingly, murine TNF-α-knockout models have demonstrated that TNF-α is necessary for the early stages of skin carcinogenesis and development of squamous cell carcinoma. I...

Activation of TRPV1 Prevents OxLDL-Induced Lipid Accumulation and TNF-α-Induced Inflammation in Macrophages: Role of Liver X Receptor α

The transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) is crucial in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis; yet its role and underlying mechanism in the formation of macrophage foam cells remain unclear. Here, we show increased TRPV1 expression in the area of foamy macrophages in atherosclerotic aortas of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Exposure of mouse bone-marrow-derived macrophages to oxi...

Pomegranate juice inhibits oxidized LDL uptake and cholesterol biosynthesis in macrophages.

Macrophage cholesterol accumulation and foam cell formation are the hallmarks of early atherogenesis. Pomegranate juice (PJ) was shown to inhibit macrophage foam cell formation and development of atherosclerotic lesions. The aim of this study was to elucidate possible mechanisms by which PJ reduces cholesterol accumulation in macrophages. J774.A1 macrophages were preincubated with PJ followed b...